李鴻章與近代西方醫學在中國的傳佈

摘 要 對於一個已經長期擁有自己醫學理論與技術的民族而言，當面對西方醫 學時，人們在態度上的接受與抗拒，必然是個偌大的光譜。 在晚清的西方科技與西方文化移植過程中，李鴻章是人們無法迴避的重 要人物，舉凡軍事、交通、教育、外交、經濟等各方面，都有他的一席之地。 同樣的，在晚清時期西方醫學輸入中國的過程中，李鴻章也曾扮演重要的角 色，本文希望還原李鴻章對西方醫學在近代中國傳佈的重要影響地位。 本文的寫作，一者根據較多李鴻章的相關史料，特別是新出版的《李鴻 章全集》，提供許多探討李鴻章與近代西方醫學關係的一手資料；二者從更 廣闊的視野，多方探討他對西方醫學的支持與提倡。李鴻章在個人與家人醫 療上大膽選擇西方醫學，並且在醫學教育與軍醫需求上率先移植西方制度。 影響所及，包括部分身邊的政治人物逐漸重視西醫，甚且清末各省先後提倡 醫學教育及設立軍醫學堂。李鴻章對西方醫學的提倡與實踐的毅力，是近代 西方醫學在中國的傳佈史上，鮮明的代表人物。
Abstract Li Hong-Zhang, one of the most famous historical figures in modern China, has been written by historians vastly. When historians discuss the spread of Western technology and culture in China during the late Qing Dynasty, Li is an important figure that cannot be overlooked, but the relationship between Li Hong-Zhang and the spread of modern Western medicine in China has not been researched in-depth yet. This paper aims to restore the important legacy of Li Hong-Zhang on the dissemination of modern Western medicine in China. This paper is based on a large number of Li-related historical materials, especially the new “Li Hongzhang Collection”, which offers abundant resources to explore the relation between Li Hong-Zhang and the modern Western medicine. In addition, this paper reviews the reasons why Li Hong-Zhang promoted the modern Western medicine from various perspectives. Li himself and his family chose Western medicine boldly, and he supported the establishing of hospitals and medical schools enthusiastically. Li Hong-Zhang adopted modern Western medicine wasn’t for military reason only, but also from a broader perspective; he hoped that the modern Western medicine could be used to take care of the Chinese people and strengthen the country. In the history of the development of modern Western medicine in China, Li Hong-Zhang was certainly a significant representative figure.