Abstract
「內婚」與「男高女低」是台灣婚姻配對的主要形式，但隨著兩性教育投入與所得能力差異越來越小，「男高女低」婚配模式的空間逐漸受到擠壓。擠壓後婚姻行為可以產生三種反應：一是未婚率提高，二是「內婚」的比例增加，三是「女高男低」的外婚模式成長。研究結果顯示未婚率的變化因為性別及教育程度的不同而不同，教育程度愈高的女性，未婚的比例就愈高，男性則相反。而從70年代到90年代間，教育程度「內婚」與「女高男低」配對的比例均有上升的趨勢，但「大學」似乎是「女高男低」擴張的頂點。當綜合考慮教育、年齡與收入三個變項時，「女高男低」配對模式之擴展只存在於教育程度單一面向上。對數線性模型分析則指出妻子的教育程度愈高，「女高男低」婚姻配對的機率就愈高，不僅在教育程度面向上如此，在年齡與收入面向上亦有相同的結果，但研究所教育程度的女性在90年代以後有不同的發展方向。
During the last quarter of the twentieth century, higher education in Taiwan expanded phenomenally, and equality among men and women advanced significantly. Meanwhile, women’s average earnings and labor force participation improved, substantially reducing the gender differences. As a result, the conventional pattern of assortive mating for women, i.e., homogamy and hypergamy, changed. Based on the results of the Surveys of Manpower in 1990 and 2000, we study the changes in nuptiality for men and women. A gender differentiation seems to have resulted in response to the elevation of women's socio-economic status. The proportion never married appears to increase among the less-educated men while it tends to increase among the better-educated women. To document the changes in assortive mating, we examine the results of the Surveys of Marriage, Fertility and Employment of Women in 1990, 1993 and 2000. Profiles of education-earnings-age assortive mating of three marriage cohorts, those married in 1970-1979, 1980-1989, and 1990-2000 respectively, are generated and compared. The results indicate a significant decrease in the proportion of educational hypergamy, with some increase in the proportion of educational homogamy and a large increase in the proportion of downward marriage pertaining to women. A glass ceiling on downward marriage appears to exist and results in an increased proportion of never married for women with a post-graduate education, however. Considering the education, earnings, and age aspects of assortive mating together, changes in assortive mating become negligible. It seems that downward marriage in one aspect tends to be compensated by hypergamy in another aspect. Among the three aspects of assortive mating, it appears the earnings hypergamy tends to be the most persistent, and the educational hypergamy the least binding.
During the last quarter of the twentieth century, higher education in Taiwan expanded phenomenally, and equality among men and women advanced significantly. Meanwhile, women’s average earnings and labor force participation improved, substantially reducing the gender differences. As a result, the conventional pattern of assortive mating for women, i.e., homogamy and hypergamy, changed. Based on the results of the Surveys of Manpower in 1990 and 2000, we study the changes in nuptiality for men and women. A gender differentiation seems to have resulted in response to the elevation of women's socio-economic status. The proportion never married appears to increase among the less-educated men while it tends to increase among the better-educated women. To document the changes in assortive mating, we examine the results of the Surveys of Marriage, Fertility and Employment of Women in 1990, 1993 and 2000. Profiles of education-earnings-age assortive mating of three marriage cohorts, those married in 1970-1979, 1980-1989, and 1990-2000 respectively, are generated and compared. The results indicate a significant decrease in the proportion of educational hypergamy, with some increase in the proportion of educational homogamy and a large increase in the proportion of downward marriage pertaining to women. A glass ceiling on downward marriage appears to exist and results in an increased proportion of never married for women with a post-graduate education, however. Considering the education, earnings, and age aspects of assortive mating together, changes in assortive mating become negligible. It seems that downward marriage in one aspect tends to be compensated by hypergamy in another aspect. Among the three aspects of assortive mating, it appears the earnings hypergamy tends to be the most persistent, and the educational hypergamy the least binding.
| Original language | Chinese (Traditional) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1-32 |
| Journal | 人口學刊 |
| Issue number | 33 |
| State | Published - 2006 |