身體活動介入措施於失智症患者之應用文獻回顧

身體活動對於老人有諸多益處已是眾所皆知，已有部分研究證實身體活動能預防及延緩失智症患者認知功能的退化、改善身體功能、減少憂鬱情緒及精神行為問題。本文針對失智症患者身體活動相關文獻進行彙整分析，結果顯示身體活動介入較多運用於長期照護機構內，較少社區型實驗研究可提供參考。另外，活動設計中，執行的內容、身體活動測量的方式、後續評值的方法等並無明確的標準，且活動內容以體適能或運動性的身體活動為主，未考量失智症患者喜好及需求。建議未來驗證失智症患者身體活動有效的測量方式及標準，訓練相關失智症活動運動專業指導員，並發展個別性失智症患者之多元居家身體活動計畫，促進患者參與度及持續性，以能有效延緩認知功能的退化、預防及減少情緒與問題行為的發生，進而改善失智症患者及家庭照顧者的生活品質。
Physical activity provides many benefits for the elderly. Relatively few studies have been conducted confirming that physical activity can prevent or delay the impairment of the cognitive function, improve physical functioning, as well as decrease symptoms of behavioral and psychological impairment in patients with dementia. Therefore, this review focused on physical activity interventions for patients with dementia. Our reviewing results indicate that there were some studies conducted on physical activity interventions for the elderly with dementia living in long-term care settings, and even fewer of them were in the community.Even then, there was no consensus regarding the design of the exercise, such as content, measures or follow up evaluations. In addition, most of these physical activity interventions focused on fitness or on a single exercise, without considering the needs or preferences of the patient with dementia. It is our recommendation to develop a consensus for an exercise measuring parameter and to evaluate the effectiveness of the exercise, train exercise instructors for instructing and assisting demented patients with their exercises, and to develop an individualized multi-component physical activity plan. It is our hope that by doing so we can increase the involvement and participation in exercise by dementia patients. This in turn should delay the progress of cognitive impairment, prevent or reduce behavioral problems from occurring, reduce emotional disturbances and generally improve the quality of life for both patient and their family caregiver.