Aβ40(L17A/F19A) mutant diminishes the aggregation and neurotoxicity of Aβ40

Aggregated β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) are neurotoxic and responsible for neuronal death both in vitro and in vivo. From the structural point of view, Aβ self-aggregation involves a conformational change in the peptide. Here, we investigated the relationship between conformational changes and amino acid residues of Aβ₄₀. Urea unfolding in combination with NMR spectroscopy was applied to probe the stabilization of Aβ₄₀ conformation. L17 and F19 residues were found more sensitive to environmental changes than the other residues. Replacement of these two residues with alanine could stabilize the conformation of Aβ₄₀. Further analysis indicated that the Aβ₄₀(L17A/F19A) mutant could diminish the aggregation and reduce the neurotoxicity. These results suggest that L17 and F19 are the critical residues responsible for conformational changes which may trigger neurotoxic cascade of Aβ₄₀.