A sensitive electrochemical determination of chemotherapy agent using graphitic carbon nitride covered vanadium oxide nanocomposite; sonochemical approach

We have developed a graphitic carbon nitride covered vanadium oxide nanocomposite (V₂O₅@g-C₃N₄) by a simple sonochemical approach (50 kHz and 150 W/cm²). Furthermore, the morphology and chemical composition of the V₂O₅@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was carried out by X-rays diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, the V₂O₅@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite modified electrode was investigate electrochemical behavior of the anticancer drug. Compared with bare SPCE, V₂O₅/SPCE and g-C₃N₄/SPCE, V₂O₅@g-C₃N₄ modified SPCE showed highest current response towards anti-cancer drug (methotrexate). Furthermore, the modified sensor exhibits with a sharp peaks and wide linear range (0.025–273.15 μM) by using DPV with the sensitivity of 7.122 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻². Notably, we have achieved a nanomolar detection limit (13.26 nM) for the DPV detection of methotrexate. Further, the practicability of the V₂O₅@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite modified sensor can be used for real time sensing of methotrexate in drug and blood serum samples with good recover ranges. It has potential applications in routine analysis with high specificity, excellent reproducibility and good stability.