A simple sonochemical assisted synthesis of NiMoO₄/chitosan nanocomposite for electrochemical sensing of amlodipine in pharmaceutical and serum samples

In this investigation, a facile sonochemical route has been developed for the preparation of porous nickel molybdate nanosheets/chitosan nanocomposite (NiMoO₄/CHIT) by using ammonium molybdate and nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate and as nickel and molybdate precursor, respectively (ultrasonic power 60 W/cm² and frequency 20 kHz). The ultrasonic based materials preparation as a fast, convenient and economical approach has been widely used to generate novel nanomaterials. Herein, we report an efficient voltammetric sensor for amlodipine drug by using porous nickel molybdate nanosheets/chitosan nanocomposite (NiMoO₄/CHIT). Its structure and properties were characterized by x-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, elemental analysis and mapping. The electrochemical studies are indicated the NiMoO₄/CHIT modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited the good performance towards electrocatalytic sensing of amlodipine drug. Consequently, a linear correlation between the anodic peak current with sensor concentration 0.025–373.6 µM with a detection limit and sensitivity of 4.62 nM and 4.753 µA·µM⁻¹·cm⁻², respectively. A voltammetry based drug analysis was found to be high sensitive and reproducible, which able to detect nanomolar concentration. Furthermore, the fabricated electrochemical sensor was applied in drug and biological samples.