Aerobic Interval Training Elicits Different Hemodynamic Adaptations between Heart Failure Patients with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Objective This investigation explored how aerobic interval training influences central or peripheral hemodynamic response(s) to exercise in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or those with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Design One hundred twenty HF patients were divided into four groups: HFpEF and HFrEF with aerobic interval training (3-min intervals at 40% and 80% VO^2peak for 30 mins/day, 3 days/wk for 12 wks) and general health care groups. Exercise hemodynamics in the heart, frontal cerebral lobe, and vastus lateralis muscle, and oxygenation in the frontal cerebral lobe and vastus lateralis muscle were measured before and after the intervention. Results Aerobic interval training significantly (1) improved pumping function with enhanced peak cardiac power index in the HFrEF group and improved diastolic function with reduction of the E/E′ ratio in the HFpEF group, (2) increased blood distribution to the frontal cerebral lobe/vastus lateralis muscle and O² extraction by vastus lateralis muscle during exercise in the HFpEF group compared with the HFrEF group, (3) heightened VO^2peak in both HFpEF and HFrEF groups and lowered the VE/VCO² slope in the HFpEF group, and (4) increased the Short Form-36 physical/mental component scores and decreased the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire score in both HFpEF and HFrEF groups. Conclusions Aerobic interval training effectively enhances cardiac hemodynamic response to exercise in HFrEF patients while increasing the delivery/use of O² to exercising skeletal muscles and frontal cerebral lobe tissues in HFpEF patients, thereby improving global/disease-specific quality-of-life measures in these HF patients.