TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of indigo naturalis in human neutrophils
AU - Lin, Yin Ku
AU - Leu, Yann Lii
AU - Huang, Tse Hung
AU - Wu, Yi Hsiu
AU - Chung, Pei Jen
AU - Su Pang, Jong Hwei
AU - Hwang, Tsong Long
PY - 2009/8/17
Y1 - 2009/8/17
N2 - Ethnopharmacological relevance: Indigo naturalis is used by traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Aim of the study: Topical indigo naturalis ointment showed efficacy in treating psoriasis in our previous clinical studies. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of indigo naturalis (QD) and its main components indirubin, indigo, and tryptanthrin in human neutrophils. Materials and methods: Superoxide anion (O2{radical dot}-) generation and elastase release were measured by spectrophotometry. Some important signals including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cAMP, and calcium were studied by Western blot analysis, an enzyme immunoassay, and spectrofluorometry. Results: QD significantly inhibited O2{radical dot}- generation and elastase release in formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent fashion, while neither indirubin, indigo, nor tryptanthrin produced a comparable result. QD attenuated the FMLP-induced phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Furthermore, QD inhibited calcium mobilization caused by FMLP. However, QD did not affect cellular cAMP levels. On the other hand, neither indirubin, indigo, nor tryptanthrin produced similar changes in human neutrophils. Conclusions: Taken collectively, these findings indicate that QD, but not indirubin, indigo, or tryptanthrin, inhibited O2{radical dot}- generation and elastase release in FMLP-induced human neutrophils, which was at least partially mediated by the inhibition of MAPK activation and regulation of calcium mobilization.
AB - Ethnopharmacological relevance: Indigo naturalis is used by traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Aim of the study: Topical indigo naturalis ointment showed efficacy in treating psoriasis in our previous clinical studies. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of indigo naturalis (QD) and its main components indirubin, indigo, and tryptanthrin in human neutrophils. Materials and methods: Superoxide anion (O2{radical dot}-) generation and elastase release were measured by spectrophotometry. Some important signals including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cAMP, and calcium were studied by Western blot analysis, an enzyme immunoassay, and spectrofluorometry. Results: QD significantly inhibited O2{radical dot}- generation and elastase release in formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent fashion, while neither indirubin, indigo, nor tryptanthrin produced a comparable result. QD attenuated the FMLP-induced phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Furthermore, QD inhibited calcium mobilization caused by FMLP. However, QD did not affect cellular cAMP levels. On the other hand, neither indirubin, indigo, nor tryptanthrin produced similar changes in human neutrophils. Conclusions: Taken collectively, these findings indicate that QD, but not indirubin, indigo, or tryptanthrin, inhibited O2{radical dot}- generation and elastase release in FMLP-induced human neutrophils, which was at least partially mediated by the inhibition of MAPK activation and regulation of calcium mobilization.
KW - Calcium
KW - Elastase
KW - Human neutrophils
KW - Indigo naturalis
KW - Superoxide anion
KW - p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67651124638&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jep.2009.06.014
DO - 10.1016/j.jep.2009.06.014
M3 - 文章
C2 - 19559779
AN - SCOPUS:67651124638
SN - 0378-8741
VL - 125
SP - 51
EP - 58
JO - Journal of Ethnopharmacology
JF - Journal of Ethnopharmacology
IS - 1
ER -
