Anticancer Effects of Antidepressants in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Background/Aim: An epidemiological investigation indicated that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were associated with a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Another previous study showed that seven antidepressants inhibited glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated gene transcription, a pathway that is linked to various diseases, including cancer. It is known that the expression levels of GR in cancerous tissues are higher than those in noncancerous tissues in patients with HCC. Notably, among the seven antidepressants, amitriptyline (TCA), desipramine (TCA), and fluoxetine (SSRI) were found to induce apoptosis in HCC cells. Given this, we investigated whether four other GR-specific antidepressants, including mianserin (atypical antidepressant), tianeptine (atypical antidepressant), imipramine (TCA), and moclobemide (monoamine oxidase inhibitor, MAOI) affect the cell viability of HCC. Materials and Methods: Cell proliferation and IC₅₀ curves were determined by MTT assays. Results: Imipramine and mianserin significantly inhibited HCC cell viability, whereas moclobemide and tianeptine did not. IC₅₀ showed that the same dose of imipramine or mianserin led to significant inhibitory effects on HCC cells whereas there were only slight effects on normal human hepatocytes (HH). Conclusion: According to previous and present findings, TCAs, SSRIs and mianserin may have anti-tumor activity in HCC. However, the appropriate dose, frequency, and route of the administration still need to be determined in future preclinical and clinical studies.