Abstract
Many reports have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 plays an important role in brain inflammation and diseases. In our previous study, bradykinin (BK) has been shown to induce proMMP-9 expression via MAPKs and NF-κB in rat brain astrocytes (RBA-1). However, the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles underlying BK-induced MMP-9 expression in RBA-1 remain unclear. Here we reported that BK induced proMMP-9 expression and promoted RBA-1 cell migration, via a B2 BK receptor-activated protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ)-dependent signaling pathway. Activation of PKC-δ led to phosphorylation and translocation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and then activated a transcription factor Elk-1. Phospho-Elk-1 bound to MMP-9 promoter and thereby induced transcription of MMP-9. The rat MMP-9 promoter containing an Elk-1 cis-binding site (Ets domain), that located at nucleotides -511 to -506 was identified as a crucial domain linking to BK action. Moreover, BK induced recruitment of p300 (as a transcriptional co-activator) to the MMP-9 promoter, leading to the acetylation of histone H4 in chromatin and facilitating MMP-9 gene transcription. Taken together, these results suggested that in RBA-1 cells, activation of ERK1/2 by a PKC-δ-dependent event mediated through Elk-1 pathway is essential for MMP-9 gene up-regulation and cell migration induced by BK.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 619-632 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | GLIA |
Volume | 56 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 15 04 2008 |
Keywords
- Astrocytes
- Bradykinin
- Elk-1
- MMP-9
- PKC-δ