Characteristics of Elovich equation used for the analysis of adsorption kinetics in dye-chitosan systems

The Elovich equation has been widely used in adsorption kinetics, which describes chemical adsorption (chemical reaction) mechanism in nature. The approaching equilibrium parameter of Elovich equation (R_E) was used here to describe the characteristic curves of adsorption kinetics. Of 64 adsorption systems surveyed in this work, 80% of the R_E values were between 0.1 and 0.3 with an adsorption curve belonging to "mild rising". The results of three examples revealed that the characteristic curve of Elovich equation was between those of Lagergren's first-order equation and intraparticle diffusion model. Chitosans prepared from prawn, lobster, and crab shells were used for the adsorption of a reactive dye. The mean deviation obtained from the three kinetic models revealed that Elovich equation was the most suitable one. All the adsorption systems were in the "mild rising" zone. The R_E value was related to the type of raw material but not to the particle size of chitosan, which agreed with chemical adsorption nature of the Elovich equation. According to an optimal adsorbent consumption of 85% coupled with its corresponding operating time (t_0.85) proposed, these two parameters could be used for engineering design.