Design and synthesis of iron-nickel oxide/nickel oxide at carbon sphere for effective electrochemical detection of hazardous pesticide fenitrothion

Agriculture is the most important factor in feeding all humans and animals worldwide. A fenitrothion (FT) is a broadly used pesticide, owing to the more efficient production of crop yield and an inexpensive cost. However, FT residues were excessively consumed in the soil, water, and environmental air systems. Herein, the FT sensor was constructed using a potential electrocatalyst of iron-nickel oxide/nickel oxide at carbon (FNO/NO/C) microsphere formation. The catalyst of FNO/NO/C on the GCE showed an LOD of 2.8 nM and 17.8 nM by using DPV and LSV methods. The synergism of FNO/NO with C provides a huge reactive site, and microspheres of FNO/NO/C can allow more mass transfer capability for electrocatalytic enhancement. The repeatable and reproducible phenomena showed a 2 % of RSD. Finding satisfactory FT recoveries at above 95 % in environmental water samples, that show FNO/NO/C/GCE is a promising FT sensor for portable on-site detection.