Development and validation of a nomogram for urothelial cancer in patients with chronic kidney disease

Che Yi Chou, Kuo Hsiung Shu, Hung Chun Chen, Ming Chang Wang, Chia Chu Chang, Bang Gee Hsu, Tzen Wen Chen, Chien Lung Chen, Chiu Ching Huang*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal Article peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Urothelial cancer (UC) is a common kidney cancer in Taiwan and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more at risk for UC than the general population. The diagnostic value of urine analysis and urine cytology is limited, especially in CKD patients. The aim of the study is to develop a nomogram to predict the risk of UC in CKD patients. We enrolled 169 UC patients and 1383 CKD patients from 9 hospitals in Taiwan between 2012 and 2015. CA125, HE4, clinical characteristics, and medical history were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression for its association with UC. A nomogram was developed to predict the risk of UC and was validated using Bootstrap. CA125 was associated with UC in CKD patients (OR: 5.91, 95% CI: 3.24–10.77) but HE4 was not (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.67–2.35). A nomogram based on patients’ age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, CA125 (log transformed), smoking, exposure of environmental toxin, use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, and use of traditional Chinese medicine was conducted. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86–0.92, p < 0.01). Serum CA125 may identify UC patients from CKD patients but has limited diagnostic value due to low sensitivity. The diagnostic value of serum CA125 level can be improved by the combination with clinical characteristics including age, renal function, and medical history.

Original languageEnglish
Article number3473
JournalScientific Reports
Volume9
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 01 12 2019
Externally publishedYes

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Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s).

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