Diminished vasomotor component of systemic arterial pressure signals and baroreflex in brain death

We compared the cardiovascular autonomic regulatory mechanisms between patients with brain death or under a persistent vegetative state and healthy volunteers, based on auto- and cross-spectral analysis of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and interpulse interval (PPI) signals. Brain-dead patients exhibited a significant reduction in the absolute and relative power of the low-frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) component in both SBP and PPI spectra, along with appreciable decrease in the very low frequency (VLF; 0.004-0.04 Hz), LF, and high-frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz) power of the PPI signals. Patients in a persistent vegetative state exhibited a power of the VLF and LF component in the SBP spectrum that was comparable to that in healthy subjects, although a discernible reduction in the VLF, LF, and HF power of the PPI spectrum was manifested by the former group. Assessments with the magnitude of SBP-PPI transfer function and linear regression analysis of beat-to-beat fluctuations in SBP and PPI revealed a progressive decline in spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity from healthy subjects to patients in a persistent vegetative state or with brain death. We conclude that the vasomotor component of systemic arterial pressure signals and spontaneous baroreflex are highly correlated with the functional integrity of the brain stem.