Effect of a sonographically diffusely enlarged uterus without distinct uterine masses on the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

Purpose: Our objective was to study the effect of a sonographically diffusely enlarged uterus without distinct uterine masses on the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods: Nineteen primary infertility patients undergoing IVF-ET who had a sonographically diffusely enlarged uterus without distinct uterine masses were enrolled. An age- controlled group of 144 primary infertility patients undergoing IVF-ET with a normal uterus and no history of uterine surgery was included. Results: The age, day 3 follicle stimulating hormone, antral follicle count, ovarian response, endometrial thickness, number of retrieved and fertilized oocytes, number of transferred embryos, clinical pregnancy rate, and total delivery rate were not statistically different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Patients with a sonographically diffused enlarged uterus without distinct uterine masses had a higher spontaneous abortion rate (66. 7%) than controls (P < 0.04; odds ratio = 7.5;95% confidence interval, 1.16-48.56). Conclusions: A high spontaneous abortion rate was found in patients with a sonographically diffusely enlarged uterus without distinct uterine masses undergoing IVF-ET. Enhanced luteal support was required.