Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Mindfulness, Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being of Flight Attendants

Chao Liu; Hao Chen; Chia Yi Liu; Rungtai Lin; Wen Ko Chiou

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49913-6_13

Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Mindfulness, Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being of Flight Attendants

Chao Liu^*, Hao Chen, Chia Yi Liu, Rungtai Lin, Wen Ko Chiou

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Industrial Design

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

This study investigated (1) the effects of the loving-kindness meditation on mindfulness, subjective well-being (SWB), and spirituality and (2) the relationships between mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB. Methods: 98 flight attendants from Xiamen airlines in China were recruited and randomly assigned to the loving-kindness meditation training group (n = 49) or the waiting control group (n = 49). The loving-kindness meditation training group underwent an 8-week loving-kindness meditation training intervention, and the control group did not undergo intervention. The three main variables (SWB, mindfulness, and spirituality) were measured both before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the loving-kindness meditation training intervention. Results: In the experimental group, SWB and spirituality increased significantly (mean scores of SWB: 4.13 for pre-test and 5.38 for post-test; mean scores of spirituality: 3.85 for pre-test and 3.99 for post-test). (In the control group, no significant differences were observed for the three variables between the pre-test and post-test.) We also identified positive correlations between mindfulness, spirituality and SWB and observed that spirituality mediated the relationship between mindfulness and SWB. Conclusions: Our results indicated that loving-kindness meditation can have a positive impact on SWB and spirituality. However, the mechanisms which underlie the effects of the loving-kindness meditation on mindfulness, spirituality, SWB, and other psychological constructs require further elucidation.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Cross-Cultural Design. Applications in Health, Learning, Communication, and Creativity - 12th International Conference, CCD 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Proceedings
Editors	Pei-Luen Patrick Rau
Publisher	Springer
Pages	151-165
Number of pages	15
ISBN (Print)	9783030499129
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49913-6_13
State	Published - 2020
Event	12th International Conference on Cross-Cultural Design, CCD 2020, held as part of the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2020 - Copenhagen, Denmark Duration: 19 07 2020 → 24 07 2020

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume	12193 LNCS
ISSN (Print)	0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)	1611-3349

Conference

Conference	12th International Conference on Cross-Cultural Design, CCD 2020, held as part of the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2020
Country/Territory	Denmark
City	Copenhagen
Period	19/07/20 → 24/07/20

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Keywords

Loving-kindness meditation
Mindfulness
Spirituality
Subjective well-being

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-49913-6_13

Cite this

Liu, C., Chen, H., Liu, C. Y., Lin, R., & Chiou, W. K. (2020). Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Mindfulness, Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being of Flight Attendants. In P.-L. Patrick Rau (Ed.), Cross-Cultural Design. Applications in Health, Learning, Communication, and Creativity - 12th International Conference, CCD 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Proceedings (pp. 151-165). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 12193 LNCS). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49913-6_13

Liu, Chao ; Chen, Hao ; Liu, Chia Yi et al. / Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Mindfulness, Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being of Flight Attendants. Cross-Cultural Design. Applications in Health, Learning, Communication, and Creativity - 12th International Conference, CCD 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Proceedings. editor / Pei-Luen Patrick Rau. Springer, 2020. pp. 151-165 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)).

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title = "Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Mindfulness, Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being of Flight Attendants",

abstract = "This study investigated (1) the effects of the loving-kindness meditation on mindfulness, subjective well-being (SWB), and spirituality and (2) the relationships between mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB. Methods: 98 flight attendants from Xiamen airlines in China were recruited and randomly assigned to the loving-kindness meditation training group (n = 49) or the waiting control group (n = 49). The loving-kindness meditation training group underwent an 8-week loving-kindness meditation training intervention, and the control group did not undergo intervention. The three main variables (SWB, mindfulness, and spirituality) were measured both before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the loving-kindness meditation training intervention. Results: In the experimental group, SWB and spirituality increased significantly (mean scores of SWB: 4.13 for pre-test and 5.38 for post-test; mean scores of spirituality: 3.85 for pre-test and 3.99 for post-test). (In the control group, no significant differences were observed for the three variables between the pre-test and post-test.) We also identified positive correlations between mindfulness, spirituality and SWB and observed that spirituality mediated the relationship between mindfulness and SWB. Conclusions: Our results indicated that loving-kindness meditation can have a positive impact on SWB and spirituality. However, the mechanisms which underlie the effects of the loving-kindness meditation on mindfulness, spirituality, SWB, and other psychological constructs require further elucidation.",

keywords = "Loving-kindness meditation, Mindfulness, Spirituality, Subjective well-being",

author = "Chao Liu and Hao Chen and Liu, {Chia Yi} and Rungtai Lin and Chiou, {Wen Ko}",

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year = "2020",

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isbn = "9783030499129",

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Liu, C, Chen, H, Liu, CY, Lin, R & Chiou, WK 2020, Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Mindfulness, Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being of Flight Attendants. in P-L Patrick Rau (ed.), Cross-Cultural Design. Applications in Health, Learning, Communication, and Creativity - 12th International Conference, CCD 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 12193 LNCS, Springer, pp. 151-165, 12th International Conference on Cross-Cultural Design, CCD 2020, held as part of the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, 19/07/20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49913-6_13

Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Mindfulness, Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being of Flight Attendants. / Liu, Chao; Chen, Hao; Liu, Chia Yi et al.
Cross-Cultural Design. Applications in Health, Learning, Communication, and Creativity - 12th International Conference, CCD 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Proceedings. ed. / Pei-Luen Patrick Rau. Springer, 2020. p. 151-165 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 12193 LNCS).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

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AU - Liu, Chao

AU - Chen, Hao

AU - Liu, Chia Yi

AU - Lin, Rungtai

AU - Chiou, Wen Ko

PY - 2020

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N2 - This study investigated (1) the effects of the loving-kindness meditation on mindfulness, subjective well-being (SWB), and spirituality and (2) the relationships between mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB. Methods: 98 flight attendants from Xiamen airlines in China were recruited and randomly assigned to the loving-kindness meditation training group (n = 49) or the waiting control group (n = 49). The loving-kindness meditation training group underwent an 8-week loving-kindness meditation training intervention, and the control group did not undergo intervention. The three main variables (SWB, mindfulness, and spirituality) were measured both before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the loving-kindness meditation training intervention. Results: In the experimental group, SWB and spirituality increased significantly (mean scores of SWB: 4.13 for pre-test and 5.38 for post-test; mean scores of spirituality: 3.85 for pre-test and 3.99 for post-test). (In the control group, no significant differences were observed for the three variables between the pre-test and post-test.) We also identified positive correlations between mindfulness, spirituality and SWB and observed that spirituality mediated the relationship between mindfulness and SWB. Conclusions: Our results indicated that loving-kindness meditation can have a positive impact on SWB and spirituality. However, the mechanisms which underlie the effects of the loving-kindness meditation on mindfulness, spirituality, SWB, and other psychological constructs require further elucidation.

AB - This study investigated (1) the effects of the loving-kindness meditation on mindfulness, subjective well-being (SWB), and spirituality and (2) the relationships between mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB. Methods: 98 flight attendants from Xiamen airlines in China were recruited and randomly assigned to the loving-kindness meditation training group (n = 49) or the waiting control group (n = 49). The loving-kindness meditation training group underwent an 8-week loving-kindness meditation training intervention, and the control group did not undergo intervention. The three main variables (SWB, mindfulness, and spirituality) were measured both before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the loving-kindness meditation training intervention. Results: In the experimental group, SWB and spirituality increased significantly (mean scores of SWB: 4.13 for pre-test and 5.38 for post-test; mean scores of spirituality: 3.85 for pre-test and 3.99 for post-test). (In the control group, no significant differences were observed for the three variables between the pre-test and post-test.) We also identified positive correlations between mindfulness, spirituality and SWB and observed that spirituality mediated the relationship between mindfulness and SWB. Conclusions: Our results indicated that loving-kindness meditation can have a positive impact on SWB and spirituality. However, the mechanisms which underlie the effects of the loving-kindness meditation on mindfulness, spirituality, SWB, and other psychological constructs require further elucidation.

KW - Loving-kindness meditation

KW - Mindfulness

KW - Spirituality

KW - Subjective well-being

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BT - Cross-Cultural Design. Applications in Health, Learning, Communication, and Creativity - 12th International Conference, CCD 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Proceedings

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PB - Springer

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Liu C, Chen H, Liu CY, Lin R, Chiou WK. Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Mindfulness, Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being of Flight Attendants. In Patrick Rau PL, editor, Cross-Cultural Design. Applications in Health, Learning, Communication, and Creativity - 12th International Conference, CCD 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Proceedings. Springer. 2020. p. 151-165. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)). doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-49913-6_13

Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation on Mindfulness, Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being of Flight Attendants

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