Elevated serum levels of endothelin-1 in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Introduction Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired, or non-hereditary, chronic demyelinating neuropathy. Currently, there is no reliable molecular biomarker that can identify CIDP patients as well as monitor disease severity. Material and methods We measured serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a factors involved in vasoconstrictive, inflammatory and nerve regenerative processes, in 20 CIDP, 21 acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), 37 multiple sclerosis (MS), and 10 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, as well as 26 healthy control (HC) subjects. Results Patients with CIDP demonstrated higher serum levels of ET-1 (2.07 ± 1.07 pg/mL) than those with AIDP (0.75 ± 0.62 ng/mL, P < 0.001), AD (0.78 ± 0.49 pg/mL, P < 0.001), as well as HCs (1.16 ± 0.63 pg/mL, P = 0.002), while levels of ET-1 in patients with MS (2.10 ± 0.81 pg/mL) and CIDP were similar. Furthermore, the serum ET-1 levels significantly correlated with Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause And Treatment (INCAT) disability scale in CIDP patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed good discrimination ability for ET-1 to distinguish CIDP patients from AIDP (AUC = 0.883) or HCs (AUC = 0.763). Conclusion This study discloses the potential of serum ET-1 as a biomarker for CIDP.