Evil [k?kη] in Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus and Antigone

摘 要 依古希臘文原文，惡[κ?κη]一詞指涉多重意義：邪惡、扭曲、災難、疾 病與詛咒等；而這些概念正是索弗克里斯的兩齣悲劇《伊底帕斯王》及《安 蒂岡妮》探討的重要課題 ── 人如何學會並脫離苦難(σχολ? κακο?)。本文第 一部分爬梳並比較惡[κ?κη]在兩劇本中的相關用法，旨於闡釋此字的應用， 實則點出戲劇、醫學、政治與宗教息息相關的面向。第二部分重點分析一特 殊例子：先知(prophets)被指控收取利益(profits)；並說明索弗克里斯筆下惡 [κ?κη]的描繪，如何勾勒出西元前五世紀經濟繁榮之景象。
Abstract The Greek term “κ?κη” complicates various meanings and concepts—evil, deformity, disaster, trouble, disease, curse and so on—all of which fashion the key issues elaborated in Sophocles’ two tragedies Oedipus Tyrannus and Antigone. In a nutshell, the semantic stretch of κ?κη amounts to a reflection on the motif of “σχολ? κακο?.” Through analyzing the semantic complexities of the word “κ?κη,” the first section of this paper is to explore the vertical linkage among drama, medicine, politics, and religion. The second section, concentrating on the chiasmic interconnectedness between prophets and profits, will cast light on how the theme of evils is correlated to the context of the fifth-century economic prosperity.