Exploring the efficiency enhancement of perovskite solar cells by chemical bath depositing SnO₂ on mesoporous TiO₂ electrode

This study presents a groundbreaking approach to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by employing Chemical Bath Deposited (CBD) SnO₂ on mesoporous TiO₂ (m-TiO₂) as an electron transport layer (ETL) without a traditional compact TiO₂ (c-TiO₂) layer between FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) and m-TiO₂ ETL. Our investigation reveals that this method significantly improves carrier dynamics, as evidenced by reduced time constants compared to traditional ETLs. The CBD SnO₂ not only augments electron transport but also effectively reduces defect density in m-TiO₂ films. These enhancements are reflected in the improved photovoltaic parameters of the cells, including higher open-circuit voltage (V_OC), short-circuit current (J_SC), fill factor (FF), and an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 23.62 %. The study further underscores the scalability of this technology, highlighting advancements in screen printing and chemical bath deposition techniques vital for large-area PSC applications. Remarkably, the uniformity of PCE across large-area cells confirms the efficacy and consistency of this approach, which provides a new and general strategy for preparing high-efficiency PSCs.