Extracorporeal shock wave therapy effectively prevented diabetic neuropathy

Yi Ling Chen, Kuan Hung Chen, Tsung Cheng Yin, Tien Hung Huang, Chun Man Yuen, Sheng Ying Chung, Pei Hsun Sung, Meng Shen Tong, Chih Hung Chen, Hsueh Wen Chang, Kun Chen Lin, Sheung Fat Ko, Hon Kan Yip*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal Article peer-review

34 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: We tested the hypothesis that extracorporeal shock wave (ECSW) therapy can effectively protect sciatic nerve (SN) from diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced neuropathy in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice. Methods and results: Eighteen-week C57BL/6 mice (n=8) served as age-matched controls (group 1) and ob/ob mice (n=16) were categorized into DM (group 2) and DM + ECSW (0.12 mJ/mm2 for 4 times of 200 impulses at 3-week intervals) (group 3). The animals were sacrificed two weeks post-ECSW. In vitro results showed that the protein expressions of oxidative stress (NOX-1, NOX-2, oxidized protein), inflammation (MMP-9, TNF-α, iNOS), apoptosis (Bax, cleaved caspase-3, & PARP), and DNA-damage marker (γ-H2AX) were significantly higher in RT4-D6P2T (schwannoma cell line) treated by menadione (25 μM) compared with control group and were significantly reversed after ECSW (0.12 mJ/mm2, 200 impulses) (all p<0.001). mRNA expressions of inflammation (MMP-9, TNF-α, iNOS), oxidative stress (NOX-1, NOX-2) and apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3) in SN were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 and were significantly reversed in group 3, whereas the mRNA expressions of anti-oxidants (HO-1, NQO1) progressively increased from group 1 to group 3 (all p<0.001). Cellular expressions of F4/80+, CD14+, γ-H2AX+ cells, and number of vacuolar formation in SN showed a pattern identical to that of inflammation markers among all groups (all p<0.001). Microscopic findings of Schwann cells and myelin-sheath scores, and number of eNOS+ cells in SN showed a reversed pattern compared to that of inflammation among all groups (all p<0.001). Conclusions: ECSW therapy protected SN against DM-induced neuropathy.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2543-2560
Number of pages18
JournalAmerican Journal of Translational Research
Volume7
Issue number12
StatePublished - 2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, American Journal of Translational Research. All rights reserved.

Keywords

  • Diabetic neuropathy
  • Extracorporeal shock wave
  • Inflammation
  • Oxidative stress

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