Factors Influencing a Favorable Outcome for RFA of Huge Benign Thyroid Nodules: Preliminary Results and Short-Term Evaluation

Objective. Tis study aimed to investigate potentially favorable factors infuencing the therapeutic success of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of huge benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) (volume >100 ml) and to evaluate the feasibility of RFA as an alternative treatment modality for patients unable or unwilling to undergo surgery. Methods. Tis retrospective study evaluated a total of 868 patients, of which 22 patients had huge BTNs who underwent ultrasound-guided moving shot RFA treatment between May 2017 and January 2022. Te huge BTNs were categorized into two groups according to a post-RFA treatment volume reduction ratio (VRR) of >80% and <80% at 6 months. Factors infuencing these huge BTNs were reviewed, analyzed, and correlated with treatment efectiveness between the two groups. Results. Te factors infuencing an efective VRR included huge BTNs located on the left side (OR 7.875, p = 0.03), predominant solid/spongiform nodules (OR 7.875, p = 0.03), and higher initial ablation rate (IAR) (p = 0.028). Multivariable logistic regression revealed predominant solid/spongiform nodule and the higher IAR were associated with the advanced VRR. Conclusion. RFA was efective at decreasing the volume of huge BTNs with an acceptable complication rate. Te BTN characteristics correlated with a better VRR at the 6-month short-term follow-up were predominant solid/spongiform BTNs and those with the frst time ablation treatment initial ablation rate. Nevertheless, regarding the higher regrowth rate of these groups of patients who may need to be treated more times, RFA can only be a feasible alternative treatment modality for patients unable or unwilling to undergo operation.