Feasibility of the transtracheal approach for the thoracic cavity in a large animal model

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a novel transtracheal endoscopic technique for thoracic evaluation and intervention in a large animal model. Methods: In 12 animals (6 pigs and 6 dogs) under general anesthesia, a tracheal incision was made on the right lateral wall of the lower trachea and used as an entrance for thoracic evaluation and intervention. Postoperative follow-up included endoscopy at 1 and 2 weeks after surgery and necropsy at 2 weeks after surgery. Results: Transtracheal opening and thoracic exploration were achieved in all animals. Four animals (3 pigs and 1 dog) died as a result of complications from the procedure. At the follow-up endoscopy, healing at the tracheal opening region was noted in seven animals. Conclusions: The transtracheal approach to the thoracic cavity is technically feasible in both porcine and canine models (4/12 animals died). The canine model is perhaps more suitable than the porcine model for the study of the transtracheal approach to the thoracic cavity.