Fusarium solani species complex infection in elasmobranchs: A case report for rough-tail stingray with valid antifungal therapy

Fusarium species are common plant and animal pathogens. For humans, there are two dominant species complexes, F. solani species complex (FSSC) and F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC), which both infect immunocompromised individuals. However, there are few reports related to elasmobranchs infected by Fusarium species. In this study, we report a case of a rough-tail stingray from an ocean park infected by FSSC diagnosed using histopathology and microscopic observation, with morphological characteristics and molecular techniques used to identify the pathogen. Histopathology showed fungal hyphae invading stingray tissues, while micro/macroconidia were found under the microscope. We identified this pathogen as FSSC 12 through phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) sequences. Furthermore, we report that application of voriconazole (orally) and terbinafine (topically) constituted an effective therapy, curing the stingray.