TY - JOUR
T1 - Hyperuricemia and progression of chronic kidney disease
T2 - A review from physiology and pathogenesis to the role of urate-lowering therapy
AU - Lee, Tao Han
AU - Chen, Jia Jin
AU - Wu, Chao Yi
AU - Yang, Chih Wei
AU - Yang, Huang Yu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - The relationship between hyperuricemia, gout, and renal disease has been investigated for several years. From the beginning, kidney disease has been considered a complication of gout; however, the viewpoints changed, claiming that hypertension and elevated uric acid (UA) levels are caused by decreased urate excretion in patients with renal impairment. To date, several examples of evidence support the role of hyperuricemia in cardiovascular or renal diseases. Several mechanisms have been identified that explain the relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease, including the crystal effect, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, nitric oxide synthesis inhibition, and intracellular oxidative stress stimulation, and urate-lowering therapy (ULT) has been proven to reduce renal disease progression in the past few years. In this comprehensive review, the source and physiology of UA are introduced, and the mechanisms that explain the reciprocal relationship between hyperuricemia and kidney disease are reviewed. Lastly, current evidence supporting the use of ULT to postpone renal disease progression in patients with hyperuricemia and gout are summarized.
AB - The relationship between hyperuricemia, gout, and renal disease has been investigated for several years. From the beginning, kidney disease has been considered a complication of gout; however, the viewpoints changed, claiming that hypertension and elevated uric acid (UA) levels are caused by decreased urate excretion in patients with renal impairment. To date, several examples of evidence support the role of hyperuricemia in cardiovascular or renal diseases. Several mechanisms have been identified that explain the relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease, including the crystal effect, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, nitric oxide synthesis inhibition, and intracellular oxidative stress stimulation, and urate-lowering therapy (ULT) has been proven to reduce renal disease progression in the past few years. In this comprehensive review, the source and physiology of UA are introduced, and the mechanisms that explain the reciprocal relationship between hyperuricemia and kidney disease are reviewed. Lastly, current evidence supporting the use of ULT to postpone renal disease progression in patients with hyperuricemia and gout are summarized.
KW - Allopurinol
KW - Chronic kidney disease
KW - Febuxostat
KW - Gout
KW - Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
KW - hyperuricemia
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85116645850
U2 - 10.3390/diagnostics11091674
DO - 10.3390/diagnostics11091674
M3 - 文献综述
AN - SCOPUS:85116645850
SN - 2075-4418
VL - 11
JO - Diagnostics
JF - Diagnostics
IS - 9
M1 - 1674
ER -
