TY - JOUR
T1 - Infants’ neurodevelopmental effects of PM2.5 and persistent organohalogen pollutants exposure in Southern Taiwan
AU - Kao, C.-C.
AU - Chen, Min-Chi
AU - Avelino, J.L.
AU - Cortez, M.-S.P.
AU - Tayo, L.L.
AU - Lin, Y.-H.
AU - Tsai, M.-H.
AU - Lin, C.-W.
AU - Hsu, Y.-C.
AU - Hsieh, L.-T.
AU - Lin, C.
AU - Wang, L.-C.
AU - Yu, K.-L.J.
AU - Chao, H.-R.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Several studies have stated the harmful effects of PM to population health, including disruption of neurological development. However, the mechanism behind the neurodevelopmental effects of ambient PM and postnatal PBDEs and OCPs exposure is still unknown. Our goal was to determine influence of breastmilk residues, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), to the infants’ neurodevelopment with respect to high and low PM exposure areas. The participants were recruited from high PM exposure areas (n = 32) and low PM exposure areas (n = 23) of southern Taiwan. The extracted 14 PBDEs and 20 OCPs compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The infants, aging from 8-12 months, were examined by Bayley Scales of Infants and Toddlers Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) for neurodevelopment. Results showed that high PM exposure caused reduced head circumference and had significant effects on the motor skill and social emotional development. For breastmilk PBDEs, a positive correlation between BDE-196 and social emotion, after multivariate analysis with adjustment of confounders, was observed while BDE-99, 196, 197, and 207 showed higher magnitudes in low PM areas than in high PM areas. For OCPs, only γ-hexachlorcyclohexanes (γ-HCH) presented the significant difference between high and low PM exposure areas. Most breastmilk OCPs residues, including 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4’-DDT), γ-HCH, endrin, and heptachlor epoxide showed negative impact on the Bayley-III scores after multivariate analysis. In conclusion, infants’ neurodevelopment was significantly correlated with the location of PM exposure and breastmilk intake of certain PBDEs and OCPs. Breastmilk OCPs might obviously affect infants’ neurodevelopment more compared to breastmilk PBDEs based on our finding. Moreover, this study further employs awareness about viable effects of PM in infants’ neurodevelopment.
AB - Several studies have stated the harmful effects of PM to population health, including disruption of neurological development. However, the mechanism behind the neurodevelopmental effects of ambient PM and postnatal PBDEs and OCPs exposure is still unknown. Our goal was to determine influence of breastmilk residues, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), to the infants’ neurodevelopment with respect to high and low PM exposure areas. The participants were recruited from high PM exposure areas (n = 32) and low PM exposure areas (n = 23) of southern Taiwan. The extracted 14 PBDEs and 20 OCPs compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The infants, aging from 8-12 months, were examined by Bayley Scales of Infants and Toddlers Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) for neurodevelopment. Results showed that high PM exposure caused reduced head circumference and had significant effects on the motor skill and social emotional development. For breastmilk PBDEs, a positive correlation between BDE-196 and social emotion, after multivariate analysis with adjustment of confounders, was observed while BDE-99, 196, 197, and 207 showed higher magnitudes in low PM areas than in high PM areas. For OCPs, only γ-hexachlorcyclohexanes (γ-HCH) presented the significant difference between high and low PM exposure areas. Most breastmilk OCPs residues, including 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4’-DDT), γ-HCH, endrin, and heptachlor epoxide showed negative impact on the Bayley-III scores after multivariate analysis. In conclusion, infants’ neurodevelopment was significantly correlated with the location of PM exposure and breastmilk intake of certain PBDEs and OCPs. Breastmilk OCPs might obviously affect infants’ neurodevelopment more compared to breastmilk PBDEs based on our finding. Moreover, this study further employs awareness about viable effects of PM in infants’ neurodevelopment.
KW - Bayley-III
KW - Infant neurodevelopment
KW - Organochlorine pesticide
KW - PBDEs
KW - PM2.5
KW - Neurodevelopment
KW - Organochlorine pesticides
KW - PM
U2 - 10.4209/aaqr.2019.10.0550
DO - 10.4209/aaqr.2019.10.0550
M3 - Journal Article
SN - 1680-8584
VL - 19
SP - 2793
EP - 2803
JO - Aerosol and Air Quality Research
JF - Aerosol and Air Quality Research
IS - 12
ER -
