Insecticidal activities of leaf and twig essential oils from Clausena excavata against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae

BACKGROUND: The current study investigates, for the first time, the mosquito larvicidal activities of leaf and twig essential oils from Clausena excavata Burm. f. and their individual constituents against Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus Skuse larvae. The yields of essential oils obtained from hydrodistillation were compared, and their constituents were determined by GC-MS analyses. RESULTS: The LC₅₀ values of leaf and twig essential oils against fourth-instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were 37.1-40.1 μgmL^-1 and 41.1-41.2 μgmL^-1 respectively. This study demonstrated that C. excavata leaf and twig essential oils possess mosquito larvicidal activity, inhibiting the growth of mosquito larvae for both species at a low concentration. In addition, results of larvicidal assays showed that the effective constituents in leaf and twig essential oils were limonene, γ -terpinene, terpinolene, β-myrcene, 3-carene and p-cymene. The LC₅₀ values of these constituents against both mosquito larvae were below 50 μg mL^-1. Among these effective constituents, limonene had the best mosquito larvicidal activity, with LC₅₀ of 19.4 μg mL^-1 and 15.0 μg mL^-1 against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that the essential oils from Clausena excavata leaf and twig and their effective constituents may be explored as a potential natural larvicide.