Multiple Criteria Group Decision Making Using a Parametric Linear Programming Technique for Multidimensional Analysis of Preference under Uncertainty of Pythagorean Fuzziness

This paper aims to utilize the core structure of linear programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference (LINMAP) to propose a parametric LINMAP methodology for addressing multiple criteria group decision-making problems based on Pythagorean fuzzy sets. To compare Pythagorean membership grades, this paper presents a Hamming distance-based approach for identifying closeness-based order relations based on Pythagorean fuzzy closeness indices. The concept of comprehensive closeness measures is introduced to measure individual order consistency and inconsistency between subjective preference relations and objective order relations. In the spirit of LINMAP, this paper determines individual goodness of fit and poorness of fit and further constructs a novel parametric LINMAP model. The applicability of the developed approach is explored by a practical application of railway project investment. Some comparative analyses are conducted to demonstrate the usefulness and advantages of the proposed methodology.