Nuclear factor-κB-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in surgery-associated paraspinal muscle injury in rats

Kang Lu, Cheng Loong Liang, Han Jung Chen, Shang Der Chen, Huan Chen Hsu, Yun Ching Chen, Fu Fei Hsu, Chung Lung Cho*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal Article peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

Object. Paraspinal muscle injury is a common but neglected complication of posterior spinal surgery. Evidence suggests that surgical retraction places mechanical and oxidative stress on the paraspinal muscles and that inflammation is a major postoperative pathological finding in the muscles. The roles of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the inflammatory processes after retraction remain to be clarified. Methods. In the control group, paraspinal muscles were dissected from the spine via a posterior incision and then laterally retracted. Paraspinal muscle specimens were harvested before as well as at designated time points during and after persistent retraction. The time course of NF-κB activation was determined by gel shift assay. Expression of COX-2 was examined using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The severity of inflammation was evaluated based on histopathology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The NF-κB activation was inhibited by the administration of pyrrolidine dithiolcarbamate (PDTC) in the PDTC-treated group. Retraction induced early activation of NF-κB in paraspinal muscle cells. The expression of COX-2 could not be detected until 1 day postoperativley, reaching a peak at 3 days. The time course of COX-2 expression correlated with that of inflammatory responses and MPO activity. Pretreatment with PDTC inhibited intraoperative NF-κB activation and greatly downregulated postoperative COX-2 expression and inflammation in the muscles. Postinflammation fibrosis was also abolished by PDTC administration. Conclusions. Both NF-κB-regulated COX-2 expression and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of surgery-associated paraspinal muscle injury. The therapeutic strategy of NF-κB inhibition may be applicable to the prevention of such injury.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)181-187
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of Neurosurgery
Volume98
Issue number2 SUPPL.
DOIs
StatePublished - 01 03 2003

Keywords

  • Cyclooxygenase-2
  • Nuclear factor-κB
  • Paraspinal muscle
  • Retraction

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