One-pot synthesis of hetero-structured binary metal oxide electrocatalyst for the potential detection of nifedipine in biological and environmental samples

The increased cardiovascular problems persist in a huge quantity of people on account of several exposures to work stress accompanied by their lifestyle. Under this category, hypertension leads to an important increased rate of causes affecting human life. Concerned over the treatment of hypertension nifedipine (NIF) stands as a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist treating hypertension and several other cardiovascular diseases. The urge for the development of an electroanalytical technique as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of NIF is essentially required to avoid and decrease the issues of overdosages. Herein, bismuth niobium oxide Bi₃NbO₇ was prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis process. The structural and topological properties of Bi₃NbO₇ agree with its high crystallinity with a high sphere ball-like structure. The fabrication of Bi₃NbO₇ as the electrode material over the surface of the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was initiated for detecting NIF. The increased electroactive sites with improved electrical conductivity sufficiently provide the required platform for NIF sensing. The NIF linear range was about 0.049 μM–1502.89 μM with precise detection at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The limit of detection and electrode sensitivity was determined to be 9.6 nM and 4.44 μA/μM/cm⁺², respectively. The real sample analysis done with the environmental samples and biological fluids showed good recovery and excellent detection of NIF.