Outcomes of olfaction in patients with empty nose syndrome after submucosal implantation

Background: Olfactory dysfunction, such as hyposmia, is a significant symptom of empty nose syndrome (ENS). The efficacy of surgical intervention in olfaction improvements for ENS has not been investigated extensively. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in olfaction after surgical treatment for ENS. Methods: This prospective cohort study at a tertiary medical center enrolled patients with ENS indicated for surgical treatment between June 2015 and June 2019. The Sniffin’ Sticks 12-items odor identification test (SS-12) and subjective olfaction rating were completed by patients before and after surgery to assess olfaction. Results: A total of 40 patients completed the survey both before and after surgical treatment. Prior to surgery, 25% of the patients had olfactory dysfunction detected by SS-12, whereas 80% of the patients reported a reduction in olfactory function by subjective rating. The degree of olfactory dysfunction by both assessments significantly improved following surgery. The age was a significant predictor of postoperative improvement. Conclusion: Surgical treatment is helpful in improving olfaction in patients with ENS who commonly suffer from olfactory dysfunction. Younger patients may benefit more from surgical intervention in aspect of olfaction.