Pain management of living liver donors with morphine with or without ketorolac

Background: To compare the efficacy and dose requirements for intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine only versus morphine with ketorolac for living liver donors after partial hepatectomy. Patients and methods: Eighty living liver donors who had undergone partial hepatectomy received 3 days of IV PCA for postoperative pain control. Some were prescribed a PCA with morphine alone (group I) or morphine with ketorolac (group II), while both had a rescue dose of IV fentanyl (25 μg). The daily consumption of morphine, pain score, and frequency of rescue fentanyl doses were compared retrospectively using the Mann-Whitney U test and the incidence of side effects with chi-square tests; a P value of.05 was regarded as significant. All the data are shown as mean values ± standard deviations. Results: The 80 subjects were distributed as 57 group I and in 23 group II patients. The daily consumption of morphine, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and side effects were not different between the groups, but group II required significantly fewer rescue doses to achieve pain relief. Conclusion: Both regimens provided acceptable pain control with daily VAS less than 3. The use of ketorolac in the PCA did not reduce the daily total morphine requirements with a similar incidence of side effects but a significantly reduced requirement for rescue doses, which subsequently reduced the work load of personnel in the pain control service.