Polyetheretherketone for orthopedic applications: a review

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely used as substitute for metal in implants, especially in orthopedic surgery. Popular clinical applications of PEEK implants include interbody fusion and instrumentations in spinal surgery, component alternatives in joint arthroplasty, interference screws and fixation implants for osteotomy in sports surgery, and fracture implants for osteosynthesis. Several modification methods such as materials incorporation, surface treatments, and manufacturing processes are also available to overcome the bio-inertness of PEEK and improve its osseointegration and clinical performance. Furthermore, PEEK has prospective therapeutic applications as a carrier for bioactive agent and material for 3D printing. This short review summarizes recent studies and applications of PEEK materials in orthopedic surgery.