Review and selection of advanced battery technologies for post 2020 era electric vehicles

The Lithium-ion batteries, which are currently used in EVs do not sufficiently hold the energy for long driving ranges. Issues related to safety and performance are not totally alleviated. On the other hand, there is a tremendous pressure on the EV manufacturers to reduce the vehicle cost, without compromising the safety, performance and driving range. The EV companies are not able to reduce the vehicle price because of expensive batteries. This necessitated the further development of new battery technologies. There are advanced technologies like graphene, solid-state, and aluminum air batteries, which are being developed by OEMs, and universities across globe. But the challenge for the EV manufacturer is to select the best battery technology to help optimize the vehicle cost. In this work, a short review and a method to select the advanced battery technologies for the post 2020 era electric vehicle are presented. An MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) based WPM (Weighted Product Model) has been developed for the selection of best battery technology. This work includes review of all these batteries technologies, identifying a list of performance factors the determines the acceptability criteria for the battery selection. Subsequently, WPM is used to obtain the product of normalized weighted parameters that helps to rank the battery technology. The proposed methodology will help the EV OEMs to select best battery while reducing overall vehicle cost.