Risk factors and bacterial profiles of urinary tract infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Bacteremic urinary tract infection (UTI) is known to carry a high mortality rate, especially in immunocompromised patients. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an immunocompromised status, and thus an increased risk of infection. To evaluate the risk factors for UTI in SLE patients and to identify factors associated with bacteremic UTI, we reviewed SLE patients hospitalized for UTI over a 20-year study period. Based on our results we conclude that lupus nephritis is a risk factor for UTI in SLE patients. Clinical symptoms do not significantly distinguish bacteremic from non-bacteremic UTI in hospitalized SLE patients. Although Escherichia coli remain the most common bacteria in UTI, Salmonella spp. might need particular attention because of their high likelihood for causing bacteremia.