Staphylococcus aureus foldase PrsA contributes to the folding and secretion of protein A

Background: Staphylococcus aureus secretes a variety of proteins including virulence factors that cause diseases. PrsA, encoded by many Gram-positive bacteria, is a membrane-anchored lipoprotein that functions as a foldase to assist in post-translocational folding and helps maintain the stability of secreted proteins. Our earlier proteomic studies found that PrsA is required for the secretion of protein A, an immunoglobulin-binding protein that contributes to host immune evasion. This study aims to investigate how PrsA influences protein A secretion. Results: We found that in comparison with the parental strain HG001, the prsA-deletion mutant HG001ΔprsA secreted less protein A. Deleting prsA also decreased the stability of exported protein A. Pulldown assays indicated that PrsA interacts with protein A in vivo. The domains in PrsA that interact with protein A are mapped to both the N- and C-terminal regions (NC domains). Additionally, the NC domains are essential for promoting PrsA dimerization. Furthermore, an immunoglobulin-binding assay revealed that, compared to the parental strain HG001, fewer immunoglobulins bound to the surface of the mutant strain HG001ΔprsA. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PrsA is critical for the folding and secretion of protein A. The information derived from this study provides a better understanding of virulent protein export pathways that are crucial to the pathogenicity of S. aureus.