Urinary levels of organophosphate flame retardants metabolites in a young population from Southern Taiwan and potential health effects

Feng Shun Chen; Chih Cheng Chen; Ching Chang Tsai; Jian He Lu; Huey Ling You; Ching Mei Chen; Wan Ting Huang; Kai Fan Tsai; Fu Jen Cheng; Chia Te Kung; Shau Hsuan Li; Chin Chou Wang; Yu Che Ou; Wen Chin Lee; Yu Ting Chang; Fahimah Hashim; How Ran Chao; Liang Jen Wang

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1173449

Urinary levels of organophosphate flame retardants metabolites in a young population from Southern Taiwan and potential health effects

Feng Shun Chen, Chih Cheng Chen, Ching Chang Tsai, Jian He Lu, Huey Ling You, Ching Mei Chen, Wan Ting Huang, Kai Fan Tsai, Fu Jen Cheng, Chia Te Kung, Shau Hsuan Li, Chin Chou Wang, Yu Che Ou, Wen Chin Lee, Yu Ting Chang, Fahimah Hashim, How Ran Chao^*, Liang Jen Wang^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely distributed in the environment and their metabolites are observed in urine, but little is known regarding OPFRs in a broad-spectrum young population from newborns to those aged 18 years.

OBJECTIVES: Investigate urinary levels of OPFRs and OPFR metabolites in Taiwanese infants, young children, schoolchildren, and adolescents within the general population.

METHODS: Different age groups of subjects (n=136) were recruited from southern Taiwan to detect 10 OPFR metabolites in urine samples. Associations between urinary OPFRs and their corresponding metabolites and potential health status were also examined.

RESULTS: The mean level of urinary Σ 10 OPFR in this broad-spectrum young population is 2.25 μg/L (standard deviation (SD) of 1.91 μg/L). Σ 10 OPFR metabolites in urine are 3.25 ± 2.84, 3.06 ± 2.21, 1.75 ± 1.10, and 2.32 ± 2.29 μg/L in the age groups comprising of newborns, 1-5 year-olds, 6-10 year-olds, and 11-18 year-olds, respectively, and borderline significant differences were found in the different age groups ( p=0.125). The OPFR metabolites of TCEP, BCEP, DPHP, TBEP, DBEP, and BDCPP predominate in urine and comprise more than 90% of the total. TBEP was highly correlated with DBEP in this population (r=0.845, p<0.001). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Σ 5OPFRs (TDCPP, TCEP, TBEP, TNBP, and TPHP) was 2,230, 461, 130, and 184 ng/kg bw/day for newborns, 1-5 yr children, 6-10 yr children, and 11-17 yr adolescents, respectively. The EDI of Σ 5OPFRs for newborns was 4.83-17.2 times higher than the other age groups. Urinary OPFR metabolites are significantly correlated with birth length and chest circumference in newborns.

CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of urinary OPFR metabolite levels in a broad-spectrum young population. There tended to be higher exposure rates in both newborns and pre-schoolers, though little is known about their exposure levels or factors leading to exposure in the young population. Further studies should clarify the exposure levels and factor relationships.

Original language	English
Article number	1173449
Pages (from-to)	1173449
Journal	Frontiers in Endocrinology
Volume	14
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1173449
State	Published - 06 2023

Bibliographical note

Keywords

OPFR metabolites
a broad-spectrum pediatric population
hazardous chemicals
newborn
organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs)
urine
Humans
Child, Preschool
Taiwan/epidemiology
Organophosphates/metabolism
Adolescent
Health Status
Child
Infant, Newborn
Flame Retardants

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3389/fendo.2023.1173449

Cite this

Chen, F. S., Chen, C. C., Tsai, C. C., Lu, J. H., You, H. L., Chen, C. M., Huang, W. T., Tsai, K. F., Cheng, F. J., Kung, C. T., Li, S. H., Wang, C. C., Ou, Y. C., Lee, W. C., Chang, Y. T., Hashim, F., Chao, H. R., & Wang, L. J. (2023). Urinary levels of organophosphate flame retardants metabolites in a young population from Southern Taiwan and potential health effects. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1173449. Article 1173449. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1173449

@article{5dfb32546d88448197107ee9da7b8a5f,

title = "Urinary levels of organophosphate flame retardants metabolites in a young population from Southern Taiwan and potential health effects",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely distributed in the environment and their metabolites are observed in urine, but little is known regarding OPFRs in a broad-spectrum young population from newborns to those aged 18 years.OBJECTIVES: Investigate urinary levels of OPFRs and OPFR metabolites in Taiwanese infants, young children, schoolchildren, and adolescents within the general population.METHODS: Different age groups of subjects (n=136) were recruited from southern Taiwan to detect 10 OPFR metabolites in urine samples. Associations between urinary OPFRs and their corresponding metabolites and potential health status were also examined.RESULTS: The mean level of urinary Σ 10 OPFR in this broad-spectrum young population is 2.25 μg/L (standard deviation (SD) of 1.91 μg/L). Σ 10 OPFR metabolites in urine are 3.25 ± 2.84, 3.06 ± 2.21, 1.75 ± 1.10, and 2.32 ± 2.29 μg/L in the age groups comprising of newborns, 1-5 year-olds, 6-10 year-olds, and 11-18 year-olds, respectively, and borderline significant differences were found in the different age groups ( p=0.125). The OPFR metabolites of TCEP, BCEP, DPHP, TBEP, DBEP, and BDCPP predominate in urine and comprise more than 90% of the total. TBEP was highly correlated with DBEP in this population (r=0.845, p<0.001). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Σ 5OPFRs (TDCPP, TCEP, TBEP, TNBP, and TPHP) was 2,230, 461, 130, and 184 ng/kg bw/day for newborns, 1-5 yr children, 6-10 yr children, and 11-17 yr adolescents, respectively. The EDI of Σ 5OPFRs for newborns was 4.83-17.2 times higher than the other age groups. Urinary OPFR metabolites are significantly correlated with birth length and chest circumference in newborns. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of urinary OPFR metabolite levels in a broad-spectrum young population. There tended to be higher exposure rates in both newborns and pre-schoolers, though little is known about their exposure levels or factors leading to exposure in the young population. Further studies should clarify the exposure levels and factor relationships.",

keywords = "OPFR metabolites, a broad-spectrum pediatric population, hazardous chemicals, newborn, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), urine, Humans, Child, Preschool, Taiwan/epidemiology, Organophosphates/metabolism, Adolescent, Health Status, Child, Infant, Newborn, Flame Retardants",

author = "Chen, {Feng Shun} and Chen, {Chih Cheng} and Tsai, {Ching Chang} and Lu, {Jian He} and You, {Huey Ling} and Chen, {Ching Mei} and Huang, {Wan Ting} and Tsai, {Kai Fan} and Cheng, {Fu Jen} and Kung, {Chia Te} and Li, {Shau Hsuan} and Wang, {Chin Chou} and Ou, {Yu Che} and Lee, {Wen Chin} and Chang, {Yu Ting} and Fahimah Hashim and Chao, {How Ran} and Wang, {Liang Jen}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2023 Chen, Chen, Tsai, Lu, You, Chen, Huang, Tsai, Cheng, Kung, Li, Wang, Ou, Lee, Chang, Hashim, Chao and Wang.",

year = "2023",

month = jun,

doi = "10.3389/fendo.2023.1173449",

language = "英语",

volume = "14",

pages = "1173449",

journal = "Frontiers in Endocrinology",

issn = "1664-2392",

publisher = "Frontiers Media SA",

}

Chen, FS, Chen, CC, Tsai, CC, Lu, JH, You, HL, Chen, CM, Huang, WT, Tsai, KF, Cheng, FJ, Kung, CT, Li, SH, Wang, CC, Ou, YC, Lee, WC, Chang, YT, Hashim, F, Chao, HR & Wang, LJ 2023, 'Urinary levels of organophosphate flame retardants metabolites in a young population from Southern Taiwan and potential health effects', Frontiers in Endocrinology, vol. 14, 1173449, pp. 1173449. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1173449

TY - JOUR

T1 - Urinary levels of organophosphate flame retardants metabolites in a young population from Southern Taiwan and potential health effects

AU - Chen, Feng Shun

AU - Chen, Chih Cheng

AU - Tsai, Ching Chang

AU - Lu, Jian He

AU - You, Huey Ling

AU - Chen, Ching Mei

AU - Huang, Wan Ting

AU - Tsai, Kai Fan

AU - Cheng, Fu Jen

AU - Kung, Chia Te

AU - Li, Shau Hsuan

AU - Wang, Chin Chou

AU - Ou, Yu Che

AU - Lee, Wen Chin

AU - Chang, Yu Ting

AU - Hashim, Fahimah

AU - Chao, How Ran

AU - Wang, Liang Jen

PY - 2023/6

Y1 - 2023/6

N2 - BACKGROUND: Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely distributed in the environment and their metabolites are observed in urine, but little is known regarding OPFRs in a broad-spectrum young population from newborns to those aged 18 years.OBJECTIVES: Investigate urinary levels of OPFRs and OPFR metabolites in Taiwanese infants, young children, schoolchildren, and adolescents within the general population.METHODS: Different age groups of subjects (n=136) were recruited from southern Taiwan to detect 10 OPFR metabolites in urine samples. Associations between urinary OPFRs and their corresponding metabolites and potential health status were also examined.RESULTS: The mean level of urinary Σ 10 OPFR in this broad-spectrum young population is 2.25 μg/L (standard deviation (SD) of 1.91 μg/L). Σ 10 OPFR metabolites in urine are 3.25 ± 2.84, 3.06 ± 2.21, 1.75 ± 1.10, and 2.32 ± 2.29 μg/L in the age groups comprising of newborns, 1-5 year-olds, 6-10 year-olds, and 11-18 year-olds, respectively, and borderline significant differences were found in the different age groups ( p=0.125). The OPFR metabolites of TCEP, BCEP, DPHP, TBEP, DBEP, and BDCPP predominate in urine and comprise more than 90% of the total. TBEP was highly correlated with DBEP in this population (r=0.845, p<0.001). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Σ 5OPFRs (TDCPP, TCEP, TBEP, TNBP, and TPHP) was 2,230, 461, 130, and 184 ng/kg bw/day for newborns, 1-5 yr children, 6-10 yr children, and 11-17 yr adolescents, respectively. The EDI of Σ 5OPFRs for newborns was 4.83-17.2 times higher than the other age groups. Urinary OPFR metabolites are significantly correlated with birth length and chest circumference in newborns. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of urinary OPFR metabolite levels in a broad-spectrum young population. There tended to be higher exposure rates in both newborns and pre-schoolers, though little is known about their exposure levels or factors leading to exposure in the young population. Further studies should clarify the exposure levels and factor relationships.

AB - BACKGROUND: Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely distributed in the environment and their metabolites are observed in urine, but little is known regarding OPFRs in a broad-spectrum young population from newborns to those aged 18 years.OBJECTIVES: Investigate urinary levels of OPFRs and OPFR metabolites in Taiwanese infants, young children, schoolchildren, and adolescents within the general population.METHODS: Different age groups of subjects (n=136) were recruited from southern Taiwan to detect 10 OPFR metabolites in urine samples. Associations between urinary OPFRs and their corresponding metabolites and potential health status were also examined.RESULTS: The mean level of urinary Σ 10 OPFR in this broad-spectrum young population is 2.25 μg/L (standard deviation (SD) of 1.91 μg/L). Σ 10 OPFR metabolites in urine are 3.25 ± 2.84, 3.06 ± 2.21, 1.75 ± 1.10, and 2.32 ± 2.29 μg/L in the age groups comprising of newborns, 1-5 year-olds, 6-10 year-olds, and 11-18 year-olds, respectively, and borderline significant differences were found in the different age groups ( p=0.125). The OPFR metabolites of TCEP, BCEP, DPHP, TBEP, DBEP, and BDCPP predominate in urine and comprise more than 90% of the total. TBEP was highly correlated with DBEP in this population (r=0.845, p<0.001). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Σ 5OPFRs (TDCPP, TCEP, TBEP, TNBP, and TPHP) was 2,230, 461, 130, and 184 ng/kg bw/day for newborns, 1-5 yr children, 6-10 yr children, and 11-17 yr adolescents, respectively. The EDI of Σ 5OPFRs for newborns was 4.83-17.2 times higher than the other age groups. Urinary OPFR metabolites are significantly correlated with birth length and chest circumference in newborns. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of urinary OPFR metabolite levels in a broad-spectrum young population. There tended to be higher exposure rates in both newborns and pre-schoolers, though little is known about their exposure levels or factors leading to exposure in the young population. Further studies should clarify the exposure levels and factor relationships.

KW - OPFR metabolites

KW - a broad-spectrum pediatric population

KW - hazardous chemicals

KW - newborn

KW - organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs)

KW - urine

KW - Humans

KW - Child, Preschool

KW - Taiwan/epidemiology

KW - Organophosphates/metabolism

KW - Adolescent

KW - Health Status

KW - Child

KW - Infant, Newborn

KW - Flame Retardants

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U2 - 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173449

DO - 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173449

M3 - 文章

C2 - 37334296

AN - SCOPUS:85162131633

SN - 1664-2392

VL - 14

SP - 1173449

JO - Frontiers in Endocrinology

JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology

M1 - 1173449

ER -

Urinary levels of organophosphate flame retardants metabolites in a young population from Southern Taiwan and potential health effects

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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