Variations of the left and middle hepatic veins: Application in living related hepatic transplantation

The anatomic variations of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) and left hepatic vein (LHV) in 200 patients with normal liver function were analyzed using ultrasonography to clarify the feasibility of resecting the left lobe or left lateral segment in living subjects for living related hepatic transplantation (LRHT). The MHV and LHV form a common trunk in 70% of cases but drain independently into the inferior vena cava (IVC) in 30%. In 7% of cases, the left median vein (LMV) drains into the MHV, in 32% of cases the anterior superior segmental vein (ASSV) that drains segment 8 flows into the MHV. The distance between the two confluence points (LHV flows into MHV or IVC and LMV flows into the MHV) ranged from 0.3 cm to 2.5 cm with an average of 0.75 cm. The diameter of the LMV at the point that flows into MHV ranged from 0.3 cm to 0.9 cm, with an average of 0.61 cm. The distance from the IVC to the confluence of the MHV and LHV ranged from 0 cm to 3.5 cm with an average of 1.5 cm in those cases whose MHV and LHV presented as common trunks. Preoperative delineation of this complex venous anatomy is of paramount importance because the hepatic veins have to be transected in the cutting plane of the liver. The location of this plane is determined by the optimal graft volume required, and both the graft and the remnant liver have to retain perfect function. The venous anatomy would change the cutting plane in the living donor and the surgical method of anastomosis for the recipient.