Who pays for health care in Asia?

Owen O'Donnell*, Eddy van Doorslaer, Ravi P. Rannan-Eliya, Aparnaa Somanathan, Shiva Raj Adhikari, Baktygul Akkazieva, Deni Harbianto, Charu C. Garg, Piya Hanvoravongchai, Alejandro N. Herrin, Mohammed N. Huq, Shamsia Ibragimova, Anup Karan, Soon man Kwon, Gabriel M. Leung, Jui fen Rachel Lu, Yasushi Ohkusa, Badri Raj Pande, Rachel Racelis, Keith TinKanjana Tisayaticom, Laksono Trisnantoro, Quan Wan, Bong Min Yang, Yuxin Zhao

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal Article peer-review

218 Scopus citations

Abstract

We estimate the distributional incidence of health care financing in 13 Asian territories that account for 55% of the Asian population. In all territories, higher-income households contribute more to the financing of health care. The better-off contribute more as a proportion of ability to pay in most low- and lower-middle-income territories. Health care financing is slightly regressive in three high-income economies with universal social insurance. Direct taxation is the most progressive source of finance and is most so in poorer economies. In universal systems, social insurance is proportional to regressive. In high-income economies, the out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are proportional or regressive while in low-income economies the better-off spend relatively more OOP. But in most low-/middle-income countries, the better-off not only pay more, they also get more health care.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)460-475
Number of pages16
JournalJournal of Health Economics
Volume27
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 03 2008

Keywords

  • Asia
  • Equity
  • Health care financing
  • Progressivity

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