Concentration and value of endocan on outcome in adult patients after severe sepsis

Background: Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in severe sepsis. Endocan is constitutively expressed in human endothelial cells when sepsis occurs. We tested the hypothesis that endocan concentrations are substantially increased in severe sepsis and decrease after antimicrobial therapy, and that endocan concentrations can predict treatment outcomes. Methods: Biomarkers of the endothelium including endocan and cell adhesion molecules were prospectively evaluated in 153 patients with severe sepsis on days 1, 4, and 7 after admission along with biochemical and clinical data. Results: Sepsis non-survivors had significantly higher endocan, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 concentrations and lower platelet concentrations upon admission than the survivors. Non-survivors had significantly higher endocan and VCAM-1 concentrations than the survivors on serial analysis (days 1, 4, and 7). After stepwise logistic regression model and AUC analysis, endocan was revealed as a good predictor of outcome in severe sepsis, and the cut-off value for predicting fatality was 6.28 ng/ml. An increase in the endocan concentration by one ng/ml indicated an increase in fatality rate by 11.1%. Conclusions: Based on our results, serial endocan concentration meets the major requirements for predicting outcome in patients with severe sepsis. An assay of endocan concentration may be a good prognostic biomarker in the clinic for severe sepsis.