Developing a ternary metal oxide Zn₂GeO₄ with graphitic carbon nitride supported nanocomposite for electrochemical assessment of nanomolar-scale nimesulide

Background: Various groups of organic chemicals are commonly utilized in medicines for both veterinary and human medicine. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly nimesulide (NMS), are known for their anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antirheumatic effects. Great concerns about NMS toxicity have prompted the creation of effective ternary metal oxide-based nanocomposite sensors. Methods: Using a simple solution technique, we synthesized Zn₂GeO₄ nanoparticles, an n-type semiconductor. Zn₂GeO₄ nanoparticles were deposited on graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) nanosheets to improve electrocatalytic activity, conductivity, and stability. The synthesized Zn₂GeO₄/GCN nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, and FE-SEM before being formed on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for NMS detection. Significant Findings: Electrochemical tests using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrated a broad linear range (0.049–94.90 μM), a nanomolar detection limit (2.7 nM), and good sensitivity (5.3 µA µM^-1 cm^-2). In addition, the nanocomposite demonstrated higher selectivity in interference tests, as well as excellent repeatability, stability, and recovery in real-time analysis with human blood.