Factors influencing the length of the interproximal dental papilla between maxillary anterior teeth

Background/purpose: The presence of interproximal dental papillae in maxillary anterior teeth is a key esthetic factor and a great concern for dentists and patients. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the length of the interproximal dental papilla in anterior teeth. Materials and methods: In total, 102 interproximal sites of maxillary anterior teeth in 30 patients were examined. Results: TempBond mixed with barium sulfate was applied to the tip of the interproximal dental papillae and mucogingival junction using a periodontal probe. Periapical films using a parallel technique were then taken. The presence of the interproximal dental papilla was determined on the radiographs. If the tip of the interproximal dental papilla was at the base of the contact point, the papilla was recorded as being present. If not, the papilla was considered to be recessed. The radiographs were transferred to a computer and analyzed using ImageJ software. Age, sex, and the following parameters were measured: the length of the interproximal dental papilla, the distance between the base of the contact point and bone crest, the width of keratinized gingiva, and the interdental distance. Results showed that the length of the interproximal dental papilla was significantly and individually related to the distance from the contact point to the bone crest, the width of the keratinized gingiva, and the interdental distance. Conclusion: The width of the keratinized mucosa was the predominant factor affecting the length of the interproximal dental papilla.