TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender- and age-dependent tongue features in a community-based population
AU - Hsu, Po Chi
AU - Wu, Han Kuei
AU - Huang, Yu Chuen
AU - Chang, Hen Hong
AU - Chen, Yi Ping
AU - Chiang, John Y.
AU - Lo, Lun Chien
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 the Author(s).
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - This study, an important groundwork for clinical tongue diagnosis and future traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research, tested the hypothesis that some tongue features vary significantly between different gender and age groups by utilizing an automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS).A cross-sectional study of 1487 participants from a community-based population was performed. Study subjects with ages ranging from 20 to 92 were categorized into 3 groups: <40, 40 to 64, and ≥65 years old, and the subjects were also stratified according to gender. Tongue images were collected at the end of each normal health examination routine to further derive the relevant tongue features of every participant by using the ATDS developed by our team. There were a total of nine tongue features that were identified: tongue shape, tongue color, fur thickness, fur color, saliva, tongue fissure, ecchymosis, teeth mark, and red dot. The corresponding tongue features, demography, and physical/laboratory examination data were compared between different gender and age groups.Our study showed that, compared to females, males had enlarged tongue shape, thicker fur, more fissures and fewer teeth marks (all P <.001), and also had more red tongue color (P=.019), normal saliva (P=.001), more red dots (P=.005) and yellower fur (P=.014). In females, increasing age was associated with more enlarged tongue shape, thicker fur, yellower fur, more saliva, fissures and fewer teeth marks (all P<.001), more ecchymoses (P=.009), and more red tongue color (P=.023). These associations of age with more fissures, fewer teeth marks, fewer red dots (P<.001), median tongue shape (P=.029), and wet saliva (P=.014) were also evident in males, but other relationships were not clearly evident.Even though most of the common tongue features derived from a community-based population are consistent with TCM theory, yet some significantly gender- and age-dependent tongue characteristics were identified. These disparities in tongue features associated with gender or age shall be prudently taken into consideration in clinical tongue diagnosis and future TCM research.
AB - This study, an important groundwork for clinical tongue diagnosis and future traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research, tested the hypothesis that some tongue features vary significantly between different gender and age groups by utilizing an automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS).A cross-sectional study of 1487 participants from a community-based population was performed. Study subjects with ages ranging from 20 to 92 were categorized into 3 groups: <40, 40 to 64, and ≥65 years old, and the subjects were also stratified according to gender. Tongue images were collected at the end of each normal health examination routine to further derive the relevant tongue features of every participant by using the ATDS developed by our team. There were a total of nine tongue features that were identified: tongue shape, tongue color, fur thickness, fur color, saliva, tongue fissure, ecchymosis, teeth mark, and red dot. The corresponding tongue features, demography, and physical/laboratory examination data were compared between different gender and age groups.Our study showed that, compared to females, males had enlarged tongue shape, thicker fur, more fissures and fewer teeth marks (all P <.001), and also had more red tongue color (P=.019), normal saliva (P=.001), more red dots (P=.005) and yellower fur (P=.014). In females, increasing age was associated with more enlarged tongue shape, thicker fur, yellower fur, more saliva, fissures and fewer teeth marks (all P<.001), more ecchymoses (P=.009), and more red tongue color (P=.023). These associations of age with more fissures, fewer teeth marks, fewer red dots (P<.001), median tongue shape (P=.029), and wet saliva (P=.014) were also evident in males, but other relationships were not clearly evident.Even though most of the common tongue features derived from a community-based population are consistent with TCM theory, yet some significantly gender- and age-dependent tongue characteristics were identified. These disparities in tongue features associated with gender or age shall be prudently taken into consideration in clinical tongue diagnosis and future TCM research.
KW - Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
KW - automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS)
KW - community-based population
KW - tongue features
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077000038&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MD.0000000000018350
DO - 10.1097/MD.0000000000018350
M3 - 文章
C2 - 31860990
AN - SCOPUS:85077000038
SN - 0025-7974
VL - 98
JO - Medicine (United States)
JF - Medicine (United States)
IS - 51
M1 - e18350
ER -