Improved efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics based on Ca-doped methylammonium lead halide

Hybrid lead halide perovskite structured materials have created enormous expectations for low-cost and high-performance optoelectronic devices. The light-harvesting active layer of perovskite solar cell consists of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide-based material. In this study, we successfully fabricated the perovskite photovoltaics with partial substitution of the lead cation (Pb²⁺) with calcium ion (Ca²⁺). The incorporation of Ca²⁺ into the original structure was analyzed to observe the doping effect on the crystalline structure and the optical properties. Moreover, UV–vis spectra showed the decreased bandgap with ascending the dopants Ca²⁺ amount. 1.0 mol% Ca-doped perovskite film has the lower emission energy, and it shows the low recombination behavior. After optimizing the perovskite solar cells, the V_oc is increased from 0.93 to 0.98 V, the J_sc is increased from 17.4 to 19.1 mA/cm² and the power conversion efficiency is enhanced from 10.7 to 12.9% by using 1.0 mol% Ca-doped perovskite material.