Influence of Hyperglycemia on Treatment Outcomes of Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: The present study investigated the association between perioperative hyperglycemia and the treatment and survival outcomes of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Patients and Methods: From 2004 to 2016, 385 patients with OSCC were enrolled and stratified into normoglycemic (<180 mg/dL) and hyperglycemic (≥180 mg/dL) groups. The clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment outcomes of OSCC were subsequently analyzed. Results: Of the 385 patients, 61 (15.8%) were in the hyperglycemic group. Hyperglycemia was significantly associated with pT stage, pN stage, overall pathologic stage, extranodal extension, albumin level, and tumor depth (P = .004, P = .042, P = .008, P = .001, P = .004, and P = .011, respectively). Patients with hyperglycemia also required a longer hospital stay (P = .003). The 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival were poorer in the hyperglycemic group than in the normoglycemic group (P = .001 and P = .002, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that hyperglycemia is a significant adverse prognostic indicator for OSCC (hazard ratio, 1.709; 95% confidence interval, 1.003 to 2.912; P = .049). Conclusions: Hyperglycemia is associated with more advanced disease and poorer survival rates in patients with OSCC. It correlates with adverse clinicopathologic characteristics and longer hospital stay. Screening for hyperglycemia and maintenance of normal glycemic status during the treatment course is imperative in the treatment of OSCC.