Japanese encephalitis virus is transported across the cerebral blood vessels by endocytosis in mouse brain

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus principally infects neuron systems of animals and causes severe encephalitis. The mechanism by which the virus enters the central nervous system (CNS) from the circulatory system remains elusive. In this study, electron-microscopic techniques have been used to determine these sequential events in the suckling mouse brain. The results indicate that (1) endocytosis is employed when JE virus is transported across the cerebral blood vessels (CBV) and breaches the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (2) Uncoated vesicles, which may be caveolae, and coated vesicles are involved in the endocytic and transcytotic vesicles of capillary endothelium and pericytes. (3) The JE virus is transported in endocytic vesicles across the endothelial cells and pericytes. (4) Endocytosis and transportation of JE virus in pericytes seems to be the same as that in endothelial cells. (5) The interaction of the viral envelope and cell membrane of endothelial cells and pericytes plays an important role in the endocytosis. This study elucidates the infectious processes of JE virus entering the CNS from the circulatory system in the mouse brain.