Long Term Follow-up of Intralesional Laser Photocoagulation for Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformations Using Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet Laser

Background Lymphatic malformations remain a challenge for patients and plastic surgeons. Promising results have been reported using intralesional laser photocoagulation (ILP) for treating vascular anomalies. Background Data The objective of our study is to review the long-term results of a large series of lymphatic malformations in patients treated with ILP. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of 190 head and neck lymphatic malformations in patients were treated by ILP with an neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (1064 nm) over a period of 20 years (January 1997-January 2016). Patients' ages ranged from 10 months to 12 years and 6 months (mean, 1 year and 11 months). The patient group consisted of 98 female and 92 male patients. Results Patients were treated with an Nd:YAG laser (Sharplan Inc, Allendale, New Jersey) delivered through a 600-μm optical fiber. Laser power was set at 7 to 15 W and delivered with a pulse duration of 7 to 15 seconds. All patients demonstrated improvement as judged by clinical assessment of the reduction in lesion size (range, 65%-100%; mean reduction, 85%). One hundred fifty-two (80%) patients had a more than 65% reduction of the volume in lymphatic malformations at 3 months after 1 treatment, and 171 (90%) patients had a more than 85% reduction of the volume after 2 treatments. Excellent results were seen in 19 (10%) patients after 3 treatments. Postoperative complications were related to photocoagulation that was delivered too extensively or superficially, with resultant ulceration, infection, induration, and scarring. Conclusions Throughout the course of our long-term study, ILP using an Nd:YAG laser is an effective treatment modality for lymphatic malformations. Complications can be avoided if the potential for harm is kept in mind.