Renal vein aneurysm

Renal vein aneurysm (RVA) is a rare disease. Only a few cases have been reported in the past. With Institutional Research Board approval (IRB 201600376B0D001), we reported the case of a 51-year-old female without symptoms and incidental finding of a right renal lesion by renal echo during health examination. Computed tomography (CT) angiography showed a large aneurysm connecting to the right renal vein. Thus, a right RVA was diagnosed. Embolization was not performed due to extremely high probability of untargeted embolization, and the patient preferred outpatient follow-up. CT angiography follow-up was done 6 months later and revealed no obvious enlargement of the aneurysm but an arteriovenous fistula was suspected. The main objective of this report is to differentiate between renal vascular disease and malignant renal neoplasms by reviewing and discussing the available literature.