Risk of cardiometabolic diseases among siblings of patients with bipolar disorder

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases are suggested to be associated with bipolar disorder. However, the risk of metabolic disorders in unaffected siblings of patients with bipolar disorder remains unclear. Methods: From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 7,225 unaffected siblings of bipolar probands and 28,900 age-/sex-/income-/residence-matched control individuals were included and followed until the end of 2011. Individuals who developed metabolic disorders during the follow-up period were identified. Results: The unaffected siblings of bipolar probands had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (5.4% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.001), younger age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (34.81 vs. 37.22, p = 0.024), and higher prevalence of any stroke (1.5% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.007) than the controls. Moreover, only male siblings of bipolar probands had an increased risk of dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–1.48) and higher rates of any stroke (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.02–1.85) and ischemic stroke (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.60–3.70) during the follow-up compared with the controls. Discussion: Unaffected siblings of bipolar patients, particularly brothers, had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke compared with the controls. The result suggests the familial association between cardiometabolic diseases and bipolar disorder. Further research may be necessary to identify this shared etiology between the disorders.