Transcultural adaptation, content validity and reliability of the instrument ‘Picture My Participation’ for children and youth with and without intellectual disabilities in mainland China

Background: ‘Picture My Participation’ (PMP) is a validated questionnaire for assessing participation in everyday activities by children with disabilities in low and middle income countries, but it is not yet available in simplified Chinese. Aim: To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the simplified Chinese version of ‘Picture My Participation’ (PMP-C; Simplified) and explore its validity and reliability. Methods: A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted using PMP-C (Simplified) with structured interviews supported by pictures for children and youth with and without intellectual disabilities (ID) in mainland China. The validity of the PMP-C (Simplified) was demonstrated by face validity and content validity while the reliability was evaluated for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: Five items were slightly modified and eight pictures were revised to improve their fit with the culture of mainland China. All the items in PMP-C (Simplified) had excellent content validity, and face validity. The internal consistency, reliability coefficient and test-retest reliability of the subscale attendance for children and youth with and without ID were excellent. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence of the content validity of PMP-C (Simplified) items and reliability of the subscale attendance for use with children and youth in mainland China has been gathered. However, psychometric properties in terms of construct validity for the whole instrument and reliability for the engagement subscale need further exploration.