TY - JOUR
T1 - Unraveling the Complexities of Toll-like Receptors
T2 - From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications
AU - Chen, Yi Hsin
AU - Wu, Kang Hsi
AU - Wu, Han Ping
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the authors.
PY - 2024/5/5
Y1 - 2024/5/5
N2 - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital components of the innate immune system, serving as the first line of defense against pathogens by recognizing a wide array of molecular patterns. This review summarizes the critical roles of TLRs in immune surveillance and disease pathogenesis, focusing on their structure, signaling pathways, and implications in various disorders. We discuss the molecular intricacies of TLRs, including their ligand specificity, signaling cascades, and the functional consequences of their activation. The involvement of TLRs in infectious diseases, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and cancer is explored, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. We also examine recent advancements in TLR research, such as the development of specific agonists and antagonists, and their application in immunotherapy and vaccine development. Furthermore, we address the challenges and controversies surrounding TLR research and outline future directions, including the integration of computational modeling and personalized medicine approaches. In conclusion, TLRs represent a promising frontier in medical research, with the potential to significantly impact the development of novel therapeutic strategies for a wide range of diseases.
AB - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital components of the innate immune system, serving as the first line of defense against pathogens by recognizing a wide array of molecular patterns. This review summarizes the critical roles of TLRs in immune surveillance and disease pathogenesis, focusing on their structure, signaling pathways, and implications in various disorders. We discuss the molecular intricacies of TLRs, including their ligand specificity, signaling cascades, and the functional consequences of their activation. The involvement of TLRs in infectious diseases, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and cancer is explored, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. We also examine recent advancements in TLR research, such as the development of specific agonists and antagonists, and their application in immunotherapy and vaccine development. Furthermore, we address the challenges and controversies surrounding TLR research and outline future directions, including the integration of computational modeling and personalized medicine approaches. In conclusion, TLRs represent a promising frontier in medical research, with the potential to significantly impact the development of novel therapeutic strategies for a wide range of diseases.
KW - Toll-like receptors
KW - adaptive immunity
KW - immunity
KW - innate immunity
KW - ligands
KW - Neoplasms/metabolism
KW - Signal Transduction
KW - Immunotherapy/methods
KW - Humans
KW - Inflammation/metabolism
KW - Immunity, Innate
KW - Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
KW - Animals
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85192734101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijms25095037
DO - 10.3390/ijms25095037
M3 - 文献综述
C2 - 38732254
AN - SCOPUS:85192734101
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 25
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 9
M1 - 5037
ER -